Which Pope issued the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting the authority of the pope?

The papal bull Unam Sanctam was issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302. This document is significant in the history of the Catholic Church because it strongly asserted the authority of the pope over secular rulers. In it, Boniface VIII declared that spiritual authority was superior to temporal authority and that every human creature should be subject to the pope for salvation. This bold assertion reflects the height of papal power during the Middle Ages and emphasizes the church's role in political matters of the time.

Other popes mentioned, such as Innocent III, were influential in their own rights and had their significant moments in asserting papal authority and engaging with secular monarchs. For instance, Innocent III played a key role in the Fourth Crusade and the establishment of the papal monarchy. Pope Leo III is best known for crowning Charlemagne as Emperor of the Romans, marking a pivotal moment in the relationship between the Church and the Frankish state. Pope Gregory VII is notable for the Investiture Controversy, which dealt with the appointment of church officials and the authority of the pope vs. that of secular leaders. However, Unam Sanctam specifically belongs to Pope Boniface VIII as it clearly articulates and emphasizes the papacy's supremacy