Which of the following was a major result of the Crusades?

The Crusades, a series of religious wars between the 11th and 13th centuries, significantly impacted trade relations between Europe and the Middle East. One of the most prominent outcomes was the increased exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures facilitated by the Crusaders' travels. As European armies pushed into the Middle East, they encountered a variety of products such as spices, silk, and precious metals that were not widely available in Europe at the time.

This interaction led to a richer trade network. Merchants and traders began to establish routes for importing these exotic goods back to Europe, creating greater demand and fostering economic growth. The newfound interest in Middle Eastern goods not only expanded trade but also helped to revive towns and contribute to the rise of a merchant class in Europe. These developments played a crucial role in transitioning Europe towards a more market-oriented economy, setting the stage for the later Renaissance and the Age of Exploration.

The other options do not accurately reflect the broad historical impacts of the Crusades. While there were changes in agricultural practices over time, the Crusades primarily influenced trade. The feudal system, which was deeply entrenched in European society, saw changes much later, and the Catholic Church's power did face challenges during this period but did not