Which of the following advancements was primarily attributed to medieval scholars and universities?

The correct response highlights the significant role that medieval scholars and universities played in the rediscovery and translation of classical texts. During the Middle Ages, particularly from the 12th century onward, there was a revival of interest in the works of ancient Greek and Roman writers, philosophers, and scientists. This period saw the establishment of universities, which became centers for learning and intellectual growth. Scholars in these institutions diligently translated works by figures such as Aristotle, Plato, and Galen from Latin, Greek, and Arabic into languages that were more accessible to scholars throughout Europe.

This resurgence in classical knowledge laid the groundwork for many intellectual advancements that would follow, influencing fields such as philosophy, science, and literature. The preservation and dissemination of these texts was crucial, as it allowed subsequent generations to build upon the ideas of earlier thinkers.

The other advancements mentioned were not primarily attributed to medieval scholars or universities. While algebra has its roots in earlier civilizations, it was primarily advanced during the Islamic Golden Age, and later influenced European mathematics. Improvements in navigation techniques were associated more with developments in seafaring that occurred later during the Age of Exploration. The invention of the printing press, which revolutionized the way knowledge was shared, occurred in the 15th century and is typically credited