Which agricultural innovation helped to increase food production during the Middle Ages?

The three-field system significantly increased food production during the Middle Ages by optimizing land use and crop yield. This agricultural innovation involved dividing the land into three sections, with each section being planted in a different crop during the growing season, while one section was left fallow. This rotation allowed for increased biodiversity and improved soil fertility as different crops replenished nutrients over time. The system also minimized the risk of complete crop failure, as there was always at least one section producing food. By harnessing the advantages of this method, medieval farmers could achieve higher productivity and ultimately support a growing population, contributing to the development of towns and the feudal economy.

While the plow system, crop rotation method, and irrigation system all played roles in enhancing agricultural practices during this period, the three-field system stands out for its direct impact on food production efficiency.