What type of literature became popular during the late Middle Ages in vernacular languages?

During the late Middle Ages, the rise of vernacular literature marked a significant cultural shift as it made literature more accessible to the general populace, who often spoke local languages rather than Latin. Epic poems and romances played a central role in this development. These narrative forms explored themes of chivalry, adventure, and courtly love, drawing on both oral traditions and the changing social dynamics of the period.

Epic poems often recounted the heroic exploits of knights and battles, encapsulating the values of honor and bravery that were celebrated in medieval society. Romances, on the other hand, focused more on interpersonal relationships, particularly those involving romantic love and often featured quests and adventures that tested the characters' virtues and loyalties. Prominent examples include works like "The Song of Roland" and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight."

By using the vernacular, authors such as Dante, Chaucer, and the writers of Arthurian legends were able to reach a broader audience and contribute to the development of a distinct national literary identity. This shift not only democratized literature but also laid the groundwork for the flourishing of literature in the Renaissance that followed.